The surveys of the Orchids at Hon Ba Nature Reserve, had been undertaken from March to December 2014. A total number of one hundred and twenty five orchid species in 4 living forms were listed. The most diverse genera were among Dendrobium Sw., Bulbophyllum Thouars, Liparis Rich., Eria Lindl. and Paphiopedilum Pfitzer respectively. The distribution patterns of the orchids found in the present study had revealed that the Annamite Range might be a “cross road” of plant distributions from four different routes, i.e. the Himalayan Range, the Indo-China Mainland and Myanmar; the Sino-Japanese and the Malesian Region as well as a center of origin for many endemic orchid taxa. In order to protect this area, it is still a big challenge to the local authorities and the concerning scientists. Any wrong decision may have lead to some threats in this fragile ecosystem. Moreover Hon Ba nature Reserve is suffering by many human impacts, e.g. illegal mining, deforestation, etc... The co-operation of the local communities in Hon Ba area is therefore encouraged to protect this important nature reserve due to its important not only in terms of high biodiversity, but also its location in phytogeographical aspects.